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Hannon on literacy

(18 posts)
  • Started 10 months ago by Doug Belshaw
  • Latest reply from Illendil

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  1. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    I mentioned Hannon in a recent blog post. He quotes David Reinking (1994), who suggests that there are four fundamental differences between printed and electronic texts:

    1. Users interact with electronic text in a metaphorical way via 'hot links'.
    2. It "is possible for electronic texts to guide or restrict the reading path according to educational or other criteria, e.g. requiring re-reading of passages if comprehension questions are not answered correctly."
    3. "[T]he structure of electronic text can be radically different in ‘hypertext’
    4. "[E]lectronic texts often employ new symbolic elements - not just illustrations but video clips and other graphics, including next ‘navigation’ aids.

    Hannon goes onto state that these represent a 'radical shift' and that this is 'beyond argument'. What do YOU think? :lol:

    Posted 10 months ago #
  2. Emma
    Member

    It's an interesting one, isn't it.
    Leaving aside the "can you read it in the bath" arguement, there's the annotation aspects.
    With paper, you can annotate / copy(or not) as you choose. Even if it's not your book - there's nothing to *stop* you writing in it - though you might lose your friends/ membership of the library if you persist. Equally, you can generally photocopy just about anything.
    However, with some e-texts not only do you have to have the right software / hardware - it also has to be in a format that you can annotate/ copy from.

    For me, it's not that important a consideration - I never annotate books (though I do if it's a printout) - but for others, that's a really valuable part of learning. (And I'm just listening to Harry Potter 6 on the iPod - where the Half Blood Prince's Annotations in the Potions book are invaluable for Harry!)

    Posted 10 months ago #
  3. cathycrea
    Member

    I teach reading & study skills at a community & technical college.

    Print vs. e-text is emerging as a major topic for my department as we look for ways to keep textbook costs down for our students. So far, we're sticking with print because annotation is an important part of what we teach. I think we're also a bit afraid to move away from print because our students are already reluctant to engage with printed text; if we go with e-texts, we worry that students will never learn to become comfortable with print.

    I've found with e-texts that you also lose some spatial cues. I've read a couple of books on my iPhone, which I've enjoyed. However, if they were texts I were going to teach or if they were texts I had difficulty understanding, it would be harder to find specific parts I wanted to review. Good indexing would solve this problem, I suppose.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  4. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    I've found a great program called [url=http://skim-app.sourceforge.net/]Skim[/url] for Mac OSX that allows for annotating. Failing that, there's always [url=http://diigo.com]Diigo[/url]. I reckon we'll all be using touchscreen netbooks next year. :D

    Interesting what you say r.e. spatial cues. I suppose what you gain in search you lose in intuitiveness. I know what you mean about knowing if what you're (re)looking-for is at the top of the page in a book.

    The major issue, though, is whether the move from printed books to e-books involves some type of new 'literacy'. If so, what does it consist of and how does one go about acquiring it?

    Posted 10 months ago #
  5. Illendil
    Member

    A very interesting discussion, I have two views on this. First let me consider the e-text approach.

    [b]Advantages[/b], as stated above - user can change look, stories can be linked, text can be exported/imported, text can be placed in different software, text can be searched. Point 2 from Hannon which means that text can be guided or restricted is a moot point but covers the same territory as buying different versions of the same book for different reading ages. Capacity - can store enormous amounts into very small devices. [b]Disadvantages[/b] - needs something to read it from which needs power - no point going to a desert island with e-text. Some people like me find it difficult to read from a screen rather than on paper, also when writing text I tend to take a printout and can check that for errors and annotate it at will. Issues of copyright and plagiarism. Impersonal and clinical.

    Print - [b]advantages[/b] - 'colour, feel and smell' factor of books and paper. The finite size of paper and the way in which books are put together can mean that they are easier to navigate than e-text - this depends on the person. It is a more personal experience, you and your book. Another advantage is that it makes you think more to read a book and your imagination can be used instead of video. As mentioned annotation is easy in any form, no restrictions from the software. [b]Disadvantages[/b] - less efficient than e-text ie waste and use of real resources to manufacture. Storage issues, and can get lost/damaged. Cost.

    Probably stating the obvious, but I believe books are here to stay.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  6. Ant Heald
    Member

    Don't see annotation as a negative for digital text. If I really want to annotate a text, I usually find it easier to do electronically anyway. Annotations also become searchable & taggable and therefore 'social'. I was reading a blog post yesterday pointing out that we're almost at the stage where an ebook could link to the annotations and comments of other readers.

    Likewise with the 'spatial cue' issue, Cathy, I know what you mean. With a familiar text I'm teaching I can often find a bit I need almost by feel! However, again, the advantages of e-text massively outweigh this. Last Thursday I had a Y11 English class finishing coursework on 'Of Mice and Men.' One of the students remembered the gist of a quotation he wanted to use. He'd been flicking through the book for ages looking for it before he asked me. I brought all my skills of memory recall, scanning and skimming to bear. And couldn't find it. Suddenly the solution dawned on me: I found a copy of the text on Google books; a quick keyword search and a few seconds later we had the exact quotation he needed.

    Is the shift from print to electronic text a 'radical shift'? It depends how we're defining 'radical' I suppose. I think most electronic text more-or-less replicates traditional print text in a way analagous to how cinema more-or-less replicates the modes of traditional theatrical narrative. It builds on what people are used to, rather than tapping in fully to the possibilities of the medium.

    Just as there is innovative cinema that pushes the boundaries (but is largely restricted to a specialised 'arthouse' audience), so there is digital media that radically reworks the way texts are structured and navigated, but that is limited largely to an 'elite' of enthusiasts.

    Wikipedia may have altered the way information is collated and disseminated, but I think most users still read it just like a conventional encyclopedia, for example.

    I'm interested in whether as educators we can (or want to, or should)be leading our charges towards a more 'radically shifted'model of textual consumption/production (prosumption). The general impression that I get from discussion in the blogosphere is that the kids are doing this stuff anyway, and education needs to 'catch up'with them. That's not the way it feels to me, though. I find most of my students (and my own kids)pretty passive consumers and quite often rather resistant to working more collaboratively or using web2.0 tools. The mantra of my sixth formers seems to be 'can we have printout of that, sir' after I've shown them some superb interactive online content. And I'm having a hell of a job trying to get my Lang/Lit group to collaborate on a wiki about their set-text, because, I suppose, they won't have to do that in the exam.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  7. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    Ant, your response reminded me of the quotation by [url=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Gibson]William Gibson[/url], "The future is here - it's just not evenly distributed."

    What I'm interested in is whether the different ways in which some of us use electronic texts as opposed to printed texts constitute a change in literacy. [url=http://www.literacyconversation.org/topic.php?id=3]Ben Grey[/url] would argue not, I ([i]think[/i]) I would argue so.

    I believe literacy is about communicating understanding. As soon as the tools we use to do that change, then the literacy changes also. But you're right, Ant - it's the [i]extent[/i] to which these differences and changes constitute separate 'literacies'.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  8. Illendil
    Member

    Ant, you make an interesting comment about Wikipedia, and there are two aspects which is perhaps different to a normal encyclopedia purely due to the issue of size. One, how many people use the random article button? When I am a little bored with 5 minutes, I us it as a way to find out what is there. With a large encyclopedia you will have to get all the books out to do this.

    More importantly one major change is the collaborate nature of e-text. This is perhaps the most important aspect of e-text over conventional text. There are lots of tools that enable students to work collaboratively on a piece of work which e-text makes it easier to do than in print.

    Another important development of e-text is something like twitter where links can take people to photos, websites, videos.

    When tools are developed to make use of e-text capabilities and become easier to use and setup for teachers, then the shift change will take place. Although I would not like to see it as replacing print, more as a means to enhance what your are doing with text. I think e-text has more opportunities in the creativity (writing) side, than in the reading side. I am an ICT expert not an English teacher and I bow down to the expertise of other members of this discussion.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  9. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    Illendil, I don't think you need to be an 'English teacher' to have an opinion as to what constitutes 'literacy'! The notion of students being able to work collaboratively more easily: do you think that is one of the defining aspects of e-text related literacy?

    Posted 10 months ago #
  10. Illendil
    Member

    Just another point to make on this interesting debate, I think this is due to perception of print v e-text and also the end product itself.

    I am in charge of the Academy newsletter and the school (student) newspaper. These are publications that the Academy is willing to invest in and get published for all students. Very recently we purchased some software to turn these into electronic papers, partly to save money, but also to ensure that parents were able to view the newsletter without relying on their sons/daughters remembering to take it home. So for the newsletter we print a much smaller run of newsletters and place it on the website.

    For the newspaper produced by students it is a different story. We will produce the electronic version and this will include links to relevant websites and also film review videos etc. However the newspaper has established itself as a invaluable tool to show the capability of the students who make it. Partly due to this and partly due to the fact that we want to ensure that everyone gets a copy we will print the usual 3,500 copies every issue.

    In this case I think there is a problem with e-text solutions in that as it is not a physical object it can lose part of its appeal to the readers. I am also putting together a school radio station and am insisting that it is an FM broadcast as well as an internet one, and this is for a similar reason as the newspaper, the soulless nature of electronic media publications, and its lack of boundaries can be a barrier as well as an opportunity. I am struggling to find the right words to describe what I mean, but I think you can get what I am saying.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  11. Illendil
    Member

    Doug

    I think it is possibly the single most important aspect of it. If you read the second comment, I think this could describe the issues surrounding real world media to e-media. One major advantage that e-text brings is collaboration. It would also be the unique selling point to get teachers motivated to use it.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  12. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    So collaboration is key. What other aspects are important to literacies surrounding e-texts? Access (restrictions)? Portability? Location? :D

    Posted 10 months ago #
  13. Emma
    Member

    Funnily enough, when I mentioned "annotation", I wasn't thinking about collaboration (despite mentioning Harry Potter!) I was purely thinking about self annotation - when you're making notes to remind yourself of things - which could be entirely irrelevant to anyone else.

    To me, editable e-texts & collaboration are a very different issue to eBooks - I was thinking about using someone else's text for information, rather than to add to it; so, if I have the choice of an electronic version or a paper version - what do I prefer. I was leaving aside issues such as DRM & how easy it is to sell/give away books once you've read them; & the impracticality of reading in the bath. I'd forgotten the requirement for electricity, though!

    I heard an interview with some teenagers on the radio a while ago (think it was Womans Hour on Radio 4 [UK]) - and they were, in general, in favour of "real" books - especially for novels. Quite often, one reason was the showing off which ones you've read on the shelf in the bedroom; as well as the other things we associate with books (smell etc)

    Posted 10 months ago #
  14. Ant Heald
    Member

    Illendil, I absolutely agree with you regarding the collaborative / interactive possibilities of e-text. I was really just making the point that at the moment I think most users that I'm familiar with in a school context (tachers and students) still use the internet much like traditional media.

    You're obviously a much more dynamic person than I am, organising newsletters and newspapers and radio stations and stuff! Do you think the 'shift change' you describe depends upon people like you leading / pushing the use of digital media, or - as you seem to imply - do you think that once the technology is universally simple and accessible people will just adopt it?

    Posted 10 months ago #
  15. Doug Belshaw
    Admin

    Ant, would you say that there's been no shift in 'literacy', then?

    Posted 10 months ago #
  16. Illendil
    Member

    Ant

    Thanks for the compliment, let us say that I am keen to develop students outside the curriculum and want to give them a chance to be in charge! If you are interested then radio stations are http://www.oscar-radio.org (established one) and http://www.zephyrfm.com (new one, just starting).

    I have learnt over the years that implementing change requires a number of things to be in place.

    1. support of the Head (pressure to change)
    2. reason for change (why)
    3. Use of internal/external specialists to affect change - could be the technology is right
    4. funding where necessary is sorted.
    5. If all things in place then change is likely to take place

    There are other approaches - whereby things get accepted as de facto -

    As usual, make it easy, have a reason to do it, show benefits and then people are more likely to adopt it.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  17. Ant Heald
    Member

    Doug - I was referring more specifically to the shift in take-up of digital tools by teachers rather than a more generic shift in literacy.

    As an English teacher I don't see much evidence of a lot of change, as it happens, though. Curriculum documents nod towards 'multi-modal' texts and composition on screen as well as on paper, but there's no sense of it being embedded. Where digital communication is discussed among colleagues it tends often to be seen as a problem (use of text language, kids not reading books - Susan Greenfield stuff) rather than an opportunity.

    Posted 10 months ago #
  18. Illendil
    Member

    Teachers need to think about how technology can help them in the classroom rather than hinder them. I personally feel that using technology is a great leveler in the classroom as less bright students with a good grasp of the technology can appear on the same level as their more bright peers. I always encouraged my bottom sets to embrace technology particularly in their literacy skills as it helps immensely, particularly getting the basics right - spelling, grammar, organisation etc.

    It is a shame that we are not encouraged to set up facebook pages within schools for teachers and students to discuss issues relating to education. I do have a bebo page which I was asked to set up by my class and I was promptly complained about as being a 'perv' by someone esle, fortunately my class defended me, but this is one of the pitfalls that we need to be aware.

    My colleague and I have plenty of ideas to implement in the classrrom, the trouble is each department needs an IT expert (whether in-house or brought in) to help alleviate staff fears. A good cross curricular ICT coordinator is one such person, but it is a full time job to support these initiatives.

    Ant I feel that this is the reason for the lack of change, a lack of confidence and a lack of support. I also feel there needs to be some killer applications out there, Kar2ouche is one, twitter is another, there has been good work with emailing parts of texts to students. There is loads out there, but that is the problem, too many little things no one BIG idea that can be grasped.

    Posted 10 months ago #

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